Day 11 of Turkey Vacation: Istanbul on August 29th, 2016

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First day in Istanbul.
The plan of the day was to visit the major attractions of the city of Istanbul, that is, Hagia Sophia and Topkapı Palace and Sultan Ahmet Mosque (which was closed by the time we reached there).

We woke up in the morning with a wonderful but tiny view of Sea of Marmara through the rooftops of neighboring windows. I didn’t expect at all that our room would come with sea view.

Sea of Marmara from Hotel Window

The images in this post are hosted on Imgur. Email me should there be any display problems.

Shoe Factory Workers near Our Hotel

We found our hotel among some shoe factories, with the neighboring streets filled with vendors carry carts of leather shoes.

It was a 900-meter walk from our hotel to the major attractions, during which we enjoyed the colorful streets of Istanbul old city.

Buildings in Istanbul Old City

Streets in Istanbul Old City

Hippodrome of Constantinople

Marmara University Republican Museum Entrance
We were off to some major attractions, and skipped it.

First we arrived at Hippodrome of Constantinople, which was a giant plaza with historic columns.

The Hippodrome of Constantinople (Greek: Ἱππόδρομος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs) was a circus that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Walled Obelisk
In the 10th century the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus built another obelisk at the other end of the Hippodrome. It was originally covered with gilded bronze plaques, but they were sacked by Latin troops in the Fourth Crusade. The stone core of this monument also survives, known as the Walled Obelisk.

Serpent Column
The Tripod of Plataea, now known as the Serpent Column, cast to celebrate the victory of the Greeks over the Persians during the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC. Constantine ordered the Tripod to be moved from the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and set in middle of the Hippodrome. The top was adorned with a golden bowl supported by three serpent heads, although it appears that this was never brought to Constantinople. The serpent heads and top third of the column were destroyed in 1700. All that remains of the Delphi Tripod today is the base, known as the “Serpentine Column”.

Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius the Great in 390 brought an obelisk from Egypt and erected it inside the racing track. Carved from pink granite, it was originally erected at the Temple of Karnak in Luxor during the reign of Thutmose III in about 1490 BC. Theodosius had the obelisk cut into three pieces and brought to Constantinople. The top section survives, and it stands today where Theodosius placed it, on a marble pedestal. The obelisk has survived nearly 3,500 years in astonishingly good condition.

Walled Obelisk before Marmara University Republican Museum

German Fountain

Hagia Sophia from Sultanahmet Square Fountain

Sultan Ahmet Mosque

Fountain in Sultanahmet Square

Then, somehow, we wandered east into the tomb section of Hagia Sophia, which houses the tombs of the famous Sultans that once ruled this nation.
The tomb section is part of Hagia Sophia but opens to the public free of charge.

Tomb Session of Hagia Sophia

Here I used the descriptions of the official information board in the tomb section.

Tomb of Sultan Selim II
The first burial construction in the graveyard of Hagia Sophia made by architect Sinan in 1577.

Tomb of Sultan Selim II Dome

Entrance to Tomb of Sultan Selim II
The most decorated exterior in the tombs.

Tomb of Sultan Murad III
The construction of the building initiated by architect Davud Agha but competed by chief architect Ahmed Agha in 1599. Although it appeared quite plain from the outside, its interior was decorated with the most beautiful samples of 16th century coral-red Iznik tiles.

Tomb of Sultan Murad III Dome

Tomb of Princes
The architect and the building date of the tomb are believed to be Chief Architect Sinan and the end of the 16th Century. There are simple pen-work decorations on the inside of the tomb. Four princes and a daughter of Sultan Murad III were buried here.

Dome of Tomb of Princes

Former Baptistery Building in Hagia Sophia and Tomb of Sultan Mustafa I and Sultan Ibrahim
The Baptistery was thought to be older than Hagia Sophia itself.

Dome Decorations in Former Baptistery Building in Hagia Sophia and Tomb of Sultan Mustafa I and Sultan Ibrahim

Lateral Spaces in Tomb of Sultan Mehmed III

Tomb of Sultan Mehmed III
The building was constructed by the architect Ahmed Agha in 1608. Its interior was decorated with 17th century Iznik Tiles.

Tomb of Sultan Mehmed III
I think the nets in the room point to the direction of Mecca.

Islamic Symbols on Tomb of Sultan Mehmed III

To summarize the tomb section, husband’s coffins were always bigger and better decorated (with a hat above) than wives’ coffins.

After that, we were at the gate of Topkapı Palace.

Dog Resting outside Topkapı Palace
It seemed that the Turkish Authorities even bothered to tag these homeless dogs.

Spire of Hagia Sophia

Sultan Ahmet Fountain

Sultan Ahmet Fountain
Above the drinking fountains and niches on each façade and sebil are large calligraphic plates bordered with blue and red tiles. Each plate bears stanzas of a 14-line poem dedicated to water and its donor by Seyyid Hüseyin Vehbi bin Ahmed, the chief judge of Halep and Kayseri. It is read clockwise around the fountain, beginning at the northern sebil. The last stanza of the poem the northwest façade is a chronogram composed by Ahmed III.

There were four courtyards of Topkapı Palace, the first courtyard opened freely to the public while the other three were ticketed areas. While at the first courtyard, we visited Hagia Irene first (with our museum passes) before heading into inner Topkapı Palace.

Imperial Gate into First Courtyard of Topkapı Palace

Hagia Irene

Hagia Irene (Peace) is one of the three shrines which the Emperor devoted to God’s attributes, together with Hagia Sophia (Wisdom) and Hagia Dynamis (Power). I didn’t find Hagia Dynamis on Google Maps, but obviously Hagia Irene was much less in size and magnificence than the famous Hagia Sophia. Today, the Hagia Irene serves mainly as a concert hall for classical music performances, due to its extraordinary acoustic characteristics and impressive atmosphere.

Hagia Irene Exterior

Trees in First Courtyard of Topkapı Palace

Hagia Irene Interior

Since Hagia Irene charged entrance fees, there were few visitors in it. So when I first step into its inner court, there was a feeling that I was back in the under-saturated darkish scenes in Assassin’s Creed Revelations.

Sadly, there were a few things stopping me from going further into fantasy, that the stairs up in Hagia Irene were all blocked, and there was this safety-net spanning the entire hall blocking what could otherwise be a wonderful view inside an ancient shadowy church.

Dome
Through a not-so-clean net though.

Apse of Church with Cross

Hagia Irene Interior

Back Yard

Stairs up
Off visitor limits though.

Remains of Fresco in Hagia Irene

Passage

After that we entered (second courtyard of) Topkapı Palace.

Topkapı Palace

Tree Grown out of Another Tree

Canopied Throne

Eaves of Audience Chamber

Trees in Third Courtyard of Topkapı Palace

Eaves of Audience Chamber and Plants

Enderûn Library Exterior

Enderûn Library with Its Fountain

Privy Chamber

Most buildings in the third courtyard were converted into museums with exhibits. Among the exhibits were Islamic art, treasures of the kingdom (like the beard of Prophet Abraham, If I remembered correctly), keys to the holy city of Mecca. I didn’t take any photos, which meant photography mustn’t be allowed for those exhibits.
After that we entered the fourth courtyard, with some nice views of the Bosphorus Strait.

Bosphorus from Topkapi Palace

Bosphorus

Wardrobe Chambers

Grand Kiosk Exterior

Passage to Gülhane Gate

Sofa Kiosk

Pool in Topkapı Palace

Lotus Pool

Baghdad Kiosk

Sofa Kiosk

Sofa Kiosk Interior
Where Sultans would watch sporting events performed by the pages of the Enderûn, hold talks and meetings.

Sofa Kiosk Ceilings
Where Sultans would watch sporting events performed by the pages of the Enderûn, hold talks and meetings.

Sofa Kiosk Exterior

Fountain

Hexagonal Windows of Privy Chamber

Pool and Fountain in Fourth Courtyard

Baghdad Kiosk

Built to commemorate the Baghdad Campaign of Murad IV after 1638.

Windows of Baghdad Kiosk

Baghdad Kiosk Ceilings

Windows of Baghdad Kiosk

Galata Tower across Golden Horn

Circumcision Room

In 1640 Sultan Ibrahim I added the Circumcision Room (Sünnet Odası), a summer kiosk (Yazlik Oda) dedicated to the circumcision of young princes. Its interior and exterior are decorated with a mixed collection of rare recycled tiles such as the blue tiles with flower motifs at the exterior. The most important of these are the blue and white tile panels influenced by far-eastern ceramics on the chamber facade, dated 1529.

Silverware in Circumcision Room

Circumcision Room Ceilings

Windows of Circumcision Room

Golden Horn from Topkapı Palace

Eaves of Baghdad Kiosk

İftar Kiosk before Galata Tower
I went a little bit creative in processing this photo.

Gate of Felicity

Target Column in Honor of Selim III
To commemorate the Sultan of shooting a jug at 898 meters away.

Imperial Council

The Imperial Council (Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn) building is the chamber where the Imperial Council—consisting of the Grand Vizier (Vazīr-e Azam) and other council ministers (Dîvân Heyeti)—held meetings.

Grilled Windows of Imperial Council

Decorations in Imperial Council

Dome of Imperial Council

Seats in Imperial Council

Porch outside Imperial Council

There were more exhibits of royal arms in the second courtyard, which we briefly visited before entering the Harem.
The Harem required a separate ticket than Topkapı Palace, but was also covered by our museum passes.
The tour of Harem actually began with Dormitories of the Halberdiers with Tresses, which was housing quarters for the guards of the Palace, and after that it was Harem itself.

Dormitories of the Halberdiers with Tresses

The halberdiers wore long tresses to signify their higher position.

Dormitories of the Halberdiers with Tresses
One giant bed where they slept next to each other.

Well, such sleeping arrangement did bring back my kindergarten memories. For adults, at least I was expecting bunk beds.

Mosque
If I remembered correctly.

Pipe Rooms
There were recreations of officials making and enjoying pipes. I was surprised to find that there used to be officials specifically charged with making pipes.

Bath “Lockers”

Bath

Dome of Bath
Decorated with star-shaped openings.

Bath

After that we entered the proper Harem.

Hall of the Ablution Fountain

Decorations of Tiles in Karaağalar Mosque
This one depicts some Islamic holy city, if I remembered correctly.

Decorations of Tiles in Karaağalar Mosque
This one depicts the holy city of Mecca.

Decorations of Tiles in Karaağalar Mosque
This one depicts the Islamic afterlife, if I remembered correctly.

Decorations along Harem Passage

Apartments of the Queen Mother Dome

Paintings in Apartments of the Queen Mother

Couch for Queen Mother

Imperial Hall

The Imperial Hall (Hünkâr Sofası), also known as the Imperial Sofa, Throne Room Within or Hall of Diversions, is a domed hall in the Harem, believed to have been built in the late 16th century. It has the largest dome in the palace. The hall served as the official reception hall of the sultan as well as for the entertainment of the Harem. Here the sultan received his confidants, guests, his mother, his first wife (Hasseki), consorts, and his children. Entertainments, paying of homage during religious festivals, and wedding ceremonies took place here in the presence of the members of the dynasty.

Throne in Imperial Hall

Imperial Hall

Windows in Imperial Hall

Queen Mother’s Observation Room of Imperial Hall

I guess Islamic doctrines didn’t like having women in somewhere as solemn as the Imperial Hall, so the Queen Mother would observe the activities in Imperial Hall at this little room right next to it. This could be especially significant in certain periods of time when the Sultans were just teenagers and the kingdom’s actually ran by their mothers.

Dome and Chandelier

Columns

Throne and Chandelier

Chandelier and Windows

Dome

Privy Chamber of Murat III

The Privy Chamber of Murat III (III. Murad Has Odası) is the oldest and finest surviving room in the harem with the second largest dome, having retained its original interior. It was a design of the master architect Sinan and dates from the 16th century.

Dome

Windows

Furnace

Twin Kiosk

The Twin Kiosk / Apartments of the Crown Prince (Çifte Kasırlar / Veliahd Dairesi) consists of two privy chambers built in the 17th century, at different times. The building is connected to the palace and consists of only one storey built on an elevated platform to give a better view from inside and shield views from the outside.
The interior consists of two large rooms, dating from the reign of Sultan Murat III, but are more probably from the reign of Ahmed I. The ceiling is not flat but conical in the kiosk style, evoking the traditional tents of the early Ottomans. As in tents, there is no standing furniture but sofas set on the carpeted floor on the side of the walls for seating.
The crown prince (Şehzadeler) lived here in seclusion; therefore, the apartments were also called kafes (cage). The crown prince and other princes were trained in the discipline of the Ottoman Harem until they reached adulthood. Afterwards, they were sent as governors to Anatolian provinces, where they were further trained in the administration of state affairs.

Windows

Ceilings

Windows

Courtyard of the Favourites
The favourites of the sultan (Gözdeler / İkballer) were conceived as the instruments of the perpetuation of the dynasty in the harem organisation. When the favourites became pregnant they assumed the title and powers of the official consort (Kadınefendi) of the sultan.

Pool Overlooked by Courtyard of the Favourites

It seemed that all the pools in the Palace were waterless after being converted to a museum. Guess it must be quite expensive to maintain the pools.

Rooms above Courtyard of the Favourites

Women’s Mosque in Harem
Much less decorated than the other men’s rooms in the Harem.

After that, we visited the kitchen sections of Topkapı Palace, which housed dinning equipment that were mostly diplomatic gifts from foreign nations.

Perimeter Passage with Columns in Topkapı Palace

Passage in Palace Kitchens

Tower of Justice
Highest structure in the Palace.

Stone Relief in Topkapı Palace

Ceiling Decorations by Gate of Salutation

Gate of Salutation into Second Courtyard of Topkapı Palace

Hagia Irene Exterior

Having visited Topkapı Palace, our next stop was Sultan Ahmet Mosque. Unfortunately, it was prayer hour, so we went to Hagia Sophia instead.

Hagia Sophia

Exterior Walls of Hagia Sophia

Remnants of the Theodosian Hagia Sophia
The church built by the Emperor Theodosios II on a basilica plan covered by a wooden-roof was opened for worship in 415. It was destroyed by fire during the Nike Revolt against the Emperor Justinian. A Lamb Relief, which represents the Twelve Apostles of Christ and decorates the monumental entrance of the building and other remnants, was discovered in 1935.

During our visit, half of Hagia Sophia was under renovation.
Perhaps it’s due to the amount of visitors, perhaps it’s the scaffolding, or perhaps it’s just the interior being brightly illuminated as we approached dusk, I didn’t have as much of an Assassin’s Creed feeling in Hagia Sophia than in Hagia Irene.
So during the next hour or so I was frantically digging for that feeling. Perhaps that explained why I took so many photos of the chandeliers that I wished I could ~~fly between~~ stand on.

Apse

Plate with Islamic Symbols next to Apse Mosaic of Virgin and Child

Pulpit before Islamic Symbol Plate

Inner Hall

Line of Chandelier of Hagia Sofia

Chandelies

Reading Room through Grills

Chandelies

Chandelies and Columns and Islamic Plates

Chandelies and Islamic Plates

Chandeliers before Islamic Symbols Plate and Mosaic of Virgin and Child

Chandelier in Hagia Sophia Corridor

Chandelier in Hagia Sophia Stair Passage

Slopes up to Second Floor

Light Shining through Windows of Hagia Sophia

Lights by Column

Columns and Islamic Symbol Plates

Chandelier Posts Extending from Second Floor
As I recalled walking on them for numerous times in Assassin’s Creed.

Fresco in Hagia Sophia Reflecting External Sunlight

Hexapterygon on Pendentive

Deësis Mosaic of Christ, Virgin Mary and John the Baptist

Decorations of Pendentive and Columns

Comnenus Mosaic
Of Emperor John II Comnenus and Empress Irene as donors on the sides of Virgin Mary.

Empress Zoe Mosaic
Of Constantine IX Monomachus and Empress Zoe as donors on the sides of Christ.

So to conclude the Mosaic’s on the second floor, Emperor X and his wife Y donated money to the church, so they got to stand on the sides of Christian saints and be memorialized.

Sun Shining through Windows of Hagia Sofia

Sultan Ahmet Mosque from Hagia Sophia Window

Columns and Chandeliers behind Side Apse

Islamic Symbol Plates

Islamic Symbol Plates and Windows and Columns

Dome and Semi-Dome

Chandeliers in Side Passage

Columns at Hagia Sophia

Chandeliers in Passage

Southwestern Entrance Mosaic
Emperor Constantine presenting a model of the city to Mary, and Emperor Justinian I, offering a model of the Hagia Sophia.

Baptist Tank

Open-Air Area by Baptist

Wudu Area for Hagia Sophia as Mosque

Ablution Fountain

Having left Hagia Sophia, we walked towards Galata Bridge, much like how the locals would spend their dinner times.

Trams in Istanbul

Garbage Bin Being Replaced in Istanbul Downtown
I was quite surprised as the modest garbage bins I usually saw were just tip of the iceberg.

Minarets of Sultan Ahmet Mosque

Streets of Istanbul

Sunset over Galata Bridge

Galata Bridge and Galata Tower

Sunset from Golden Horn

Galata Bridge and Galata Tower

Gull Flying over Golden Horn

Ships in Golden Horn

Gulls Flying above Yeni Mosque

People Fishing on Galata Bridge
With Galata Tower among the background.

Gulls Flying over Eminönü Harbor

I remembered the award winning photos of boy jumping from Galata Bridge, and it seemed that every Turkish teenager boy was born-divers. By the time we reached Galata Bridge, we happened to be bumping into two diving boys.

Local Boy Diving at Galata Bridge

Apart from the divers, Galata Bridge was lined with mid-aged men fishing (and selling their catch).

People Fishing on Galata Bridge
With Galata Tower among the background.

Ships at Eminönü against Sunset

Gulls Flying over Golden Horn

West Istanbul in Sunset

Topkapı Palace from Galata Bridge

By the time we reached Galata Bridge, the sun had already set behind the hills of West Istanbul, all we could see was its remaining glows setting the clouds in fiery colors.

Gulls Flying in Sunset over Golden Horn

Ships at Eminönü Harbor against Sunset Glow

West Istanbul in Sunset

Ships at Eminönü Harbor before Süleymaniye Mosque

West Istanbul in Sunset

Tour Boat Passing beneath Galata Bridge

Golden Horn Metro Bridge Under Sunset

Süleymaniye Mosque under Sunset

Something else amazing was that, the airspace near Galata Bridge seemed to be swamped with gulls flying that’s unrivaled even to the bird pavilion in a zoo. There were gulls anywhere, on rooftops, on docks, on ships and in the air. China’s National Security Agency would declare a curfew should such gatherings of birds take place in China.